The Relationship Between The Public Budget and Public Debt (An Analytical Study - Iraq As A Model)

Authors

  • Prof. Dr. Azhar Shamran Jabur University of Wasit

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v7i8.2898

Keywords:

General Budget Deficit, Public Debt, Iraq, Expenses And Revenues

Abstract

The Iraqi economy has gone through a lot of challenges, difficulties, problems, wars and the collapse of infrastructure and these conditions led to the occurrence of the fiscal deficit in Iraq, especially after 2003, as the financial deficit was financed by public debt and we will focus here in this research on the analysis and study of the public budget deficit and public debt in Iraq through the use of the analytical approach of data to analyze the data of the public budget deficit on the public debt in Iraq The research has found that the increase The fiscal deficit in the public budget increases dependence on public debt in order to finance that deficit and this means bearing large financial burdens because the public debt has burdens and financial problems added to the public budget as the research recommends the need to adopt a well-studied and appropriate economic policy in order to reduce the deficit in the public budget first and adopt a well-thought-out policy to manage the public debt in order to reduce its burdens and problems second, As well as avoiding financial crises that negatively affect the reality of the Iraqi economy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. stahcu Microeconomics publishing House .2006 .1

Joseph E.stiglitz ,carl E.walsh , Economic pubulition House . Economic Buchartest ,2005.

Abdul Karim Kamel Abu Hat, Iraqi debt reduction, what does the future mean, Al-Ghari Journal for Economic and Administrative Sciences, Issue 2, College of Administration and Economics, University of Kufa, 2005.

Aiyer V.G. public finance . Bombay :Rowat publication chapter 1. 1978.

Richard Bonney :systemes economics finance pupliques ,press unviersitaire de france , 1996 .

Shaima Fadel Mohamed et al., Federal Iraq Budget Deficit: Causes and Treatments for the Period 2004-2019, Journal of Al-Kout University College for Humanities, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2021.

Rosen.Havry s. Ted C.Ayer public finance eight edition Mc, Craw Hill Inc singapore ,2008.

D. Linders, “Proactive e-Governance: Flipping the service delivery model from pull to push in Taiwan,” Gov. Inf. Q., vol. 35, no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2015.08.004.

M. Hwang, “The relationship between the online social anxiety, perceived information overload and fatigue, and job engagement of civil servant LINE users,” Gov. Inf. Q., vol. 37, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2019.101423.

I. V Andronova, “Government support for science, technology and innovation in India,” World Econ. Int. Relations, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 38–45, 2019, doi: 10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-11-38-45.

E. M. A. Zawawi, “Perception study on workspace for government office in Malaysia,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 15, 2014, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20141501017.

A. Kourula, “New Roles of Government in the Governance of Business Conduct: Implications for Management and Organizational Research,” Organ. Stud., vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1101–1123, 2019, doi: 10.1177/0170840619852142.

Z. Engin, “Algorithmic Government: Automating Public Services and Supporting Civil Servants in using Data Science Technologies,” Comput. J., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 448–460, 2019, doi: 10.1093/comjnl/bxy082.

K. Dupuy, “Hands Off My Regime! Governments’ Restrictions on Foreign Aid to Non-Governmental Organizations in Poor and Middle-Income Countries,” World Dev., vol. 84, pp. 299–311, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.02.001.

M. Chelli, “France’s new economic regulations: Insights from institutional legitimacy theory,” Accounting, Audit. Account. J., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 283–316, 2014, doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-07-2013-1415.

G. Gereffi, “Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains and Industrial Clusters: Why Governance Matters,” J. Bus. Ethics, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 25–38, 2016, doi: 10.1007/s10551-014-2373-7.

E. Zamir, “Behavioral law and economics,” Behav. Law Econ., pp. 1–622, 2018, doi: 10.1093/oso/9780190901349.001.0001.

D. Acemoglu, “Chiefs: Economic development and elite control of civil society in sierra leone,” J. Polit. Econ., vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 319–368, 2014, doi: 10.1086/674988.

J. Lu, “Corporate governance, law, culture, environmental performance and CSR disclosure: A global perspective,” J. Int. Financ. Mark. Institutions Money, vol. 70, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101264.

B. Awartani, “Corporate debt maturity in the MENA region: Does institutional quality matter?,” Int. Rev. Financ. Anal., vol. 46, pp. 309–325, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.irfa.2015.10.002.

W. Mann, “Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral,” J. financ. econ., vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 25–47, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.07.001.

A. Amran, “Social responsibility disclosure in Islamic banks: a comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia,” J. Financ. Report. Account., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 99–115, 2017, doi: 10.1108/JFRA-01-2015-0016.

L. Fauver, “Board reforms and firm value: Worldwide evidence,” J. financ. econ., vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 120–142, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.04.010.

F. Vitolla, “The determinants of integrated reporting quality in financial institutions,” Corp. Gov., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 429–444, 2020, doi: 10.1108/CG-07-2019-0202.

W. He, “Property rights protection, environmental regulation and corporate financial performance: Revisiting the Porter Hypothesis,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 264, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121615.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-29

How to Cite

Shamran Jabur, P. D. A. . (2024). The Relationship Between The Public Budget and Public Debt (An Analytical Study - Iraq As A Model). American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 7(8), 443–453. https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v7i8.2898

Issue

Section

Articles