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Analysis and measurement of the financial sustainability of the Iraqi economy for the period 1990-2018
Corresponding Author(s) : Basim khamees Ubid
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2022): American Journal of Economics and Business Management
Abstract
The research aims to measure the sustainability of the Iraqi economy for the period 1990-2018 as well as to show the impact of fluctuations in the level of GDP on financial sustainability, where financial sustainability is the necessary and sufficient condition for achieving economic and financial balance in the country, as financial sustainability reflects the movement of the state budget and its relationship to GDP through the indicators of deficit, fiscal surplus and public debt internal and external, as well as reflecting the art of managing public debt, and the more managed public debt is achieved, the more the management of public debt is achieved financial sustainability. for the state in the sense that there is a reciprocal relationship between financial sustainability and the way the state manages public debt, public debt achieves financial sustainability if public debt creates a future capacity to meet the debt itself, and in order to achieve this requirement, the state budget must have a future fiscal surplus and raise the efficiency of public spending in line with the anticipated increase in public debt is one of the doors of fiscal sustainability, reducing the ratio of public debt to GDP, and the rapid increase in the ratio of public debt to GDP is one of the most negative factors affecting financial sustainability
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- Auerbach, A. J., & Gorodnichenko, Y. (2017). Fiscal stimulus and fiscal sustainability (No. w23789). National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Balassone, F., Cunha, J., Langenus, G., Manzke, B., Pavot, J., Prammer, D., & Tommasino, P. (2009). Fiscal sustainability and policy implications for the euro area, European Central Bank. WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 994/JANUARY
- Dent, M., Bourgeault, I. L., Denis, J. L., & Kuhlmann, E. (Eds.). (2016). The Routledge companion to the professions and professionalism. Routledge.
- Oliver, B., Chouraqui, J. C., Hagemann, R. P., & Sartor, N. (1990). The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy: New Answers to an Old Question. OECD Economic Studies, (15).
- A. Bali, Thomas. (2007) . Oil and tyranny - the political economy of the rentier state - combating the curse of resources and funds distributing revenues to citizens - model of the oil problem in Iraqs Institute of Strategic Studies, First Edition, Beirut.
- Thoini, Falah Hassan-Al-Atwani, Khaled Shami Nashour. (2018) . Sovereign wealth funds and their developmental role - First Edition, House of Wisdom, Baghdad.
- Hussein, Imad Hassan. (2016) . Analysis of the relationship between public spending and the financial sustainability of selected countries with a special reference to Iraq - Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics - University of Baghdad.
- Khoshnao, Sabah Saber Mohammed. (2012). General Budget in Iraq - An analytical study with reference to the Kurdistan Region of Erbil and Dohuk for the period 1988-2007 - Directorate of Public Libraries, First Edition, Kurdistan Center for Strategic Studies, Sulaimaniyah.
- Saleh, Lawrence Yahya-Nouri, Mohamed Taher. (2019). Structural distortions and unemployment under economic reform after 2003 - Al-Daad Office for Printing and Publishing.
- Saleh, The Appearance of Muhammad. (2019). Monetary policy in Iraq - building macroeconomic stability and maintaining a sound financial system - Palit Printing and Publishing Center, Baghdad.
- Al-Obaidi, Shaker Hammoud Salaal. (2017). The impact of fiscal policy rules on the effectiveness of monetary policy in Iraq - Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics , University of Baghdad.
- Ross, Michael . (2007). Oil and tyranny - the political economy of the rentier state - political economy of the curse of resources - criticism and analysis of petroleum literature) Institute of Strategic Studies, 1st Edition, Beirut.
References
Auerbach, A. J., & Gorodnichenko, Y. (2017). Fiscal stimulus and fiscal sustainability (No. w23789). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Balassone, F., Cunha, J., Langenus, G., Manzke, B., Pavot, J., Prammer, D., & Tommasino, P. (2009). Fiscal sustainability and policy implications for the euro area, European Central Bank. WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 994/JANUARY
Dent, M., Bourgeault, I. L., Denis, J. L., & Kuhlmann, E. (Eds.). (2016). The Routledge companion to the professions and professionalism. Routledge.
Oliver, B., Chouraqui, J. C., Hagemann, R. P., & Sartor, N. (1990). The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy: New Answers to an Old Question. OECD Economic Studies, (15).
A. Bali, Thomas. (2007) . Oil and tyranny - the political economy of the rentier state - combating the curse of resources and funds distributing revenues to citizens - model of the oil problem in Iraqs Institute of Strategic Studies, First Edition, Beirut.
Thoini, Falah Hassan-Al-Atwani, Khaled Shami Nashour. (2018) . Sovereign wealth funds and their developmental role - First Edition, House of Wisdom, Baghdad.
Hussein, Imad Hassan. (2016) . Analysis of the relationship between public spending and the financial sustainability of selected countries with a special reference to Iraq - Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics - University of Baghdad.
Khoshnao, Sabah Saber Mohammed. (2012). General Budget in Iraq - An analytical study with reference to the Kurdistan Region of Erbil and Dohuk for the period 1988-2007 - Directorate of Public Libraries, First Edition, Kurdistan Center for Strategic Studies, Sulaimaniyah.
Saleh, Lawrence Yahya-Nouri, Mohamed Taher. (2019). Structural distortions and unemployment under economic reform after 2003 - Al-Daad Office for Printing and Publishing.
Saleh, The Appearance of Muhammad. (2019). Monetary policy in Iraq - building macroeconomic stability and maintaining a sound financial system - Palit Printing and Publishing Center, Baghdad.
Al-Obaidi, Shaker Hammoud Salaal. (2017). The impact of fiscal policy rules on the effectiveness of monetary policy in Iraq - Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Management and Economics , University of Baghdad.
Ross, Michael . (2007). Oil and tyranny - the political economy of the rentier state - political economy of the curse of resources - criticism and analysis of petroleum literature) Institute of Strategic Studies, 1st Edition, Beirut.