Prehistoric Toolmaking in Meghalaya: An Analysis of Flake and Blade Cores from the Garo Hills

Abstract

This study presents a preliminary analysis of flake and blade core technology from the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya, shedding light on prehistoric toolmaking traditions in Northeast India. The Garo Hills, with their rich archaeological potential, offer a unique context for understanding lithic production techniques employed by early human populations. The analysis focuses on the typological and technological characteristics of cores recovered from surface explorations and excavations in selected sites across the region. Special attention is given to core morphology, reduction strategies, and raw material selection, aiming to reconstruct the technological behaviour of prehistoric toolmakers. The presence of both flake and blade cores suggests a transitional or diverse lithic tradition, indicative of adaptive strategies in response to ecological and functional needs. Comparative references are drawn with similar assemblages from other parts of India to place the Garo Hills material within a broader prehistoric framework. The findings contribute to our understanding of early human settlement patterns, technological innovation, and regional variability in lithic industries. This analysis underscores the importance of the Garo Hills in the study of prehistoric archaeology in Northeast India and calls for more systematic explorations and contextual excavations to build a comprehensive cultural sequence of the region.