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The Impact of Technological Changes on the Labor Market in the Iraqi Digital Economy
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): April
Abstract
This research explores how technological transformations affect Iraq's labor market through assessment of both the technological challenges which face employees alongside government economic guidelines. This analysis evaluates technology-driven changes in labor market organization together with their unemployment rate effects and identify the new skill requirements emerging in the workforce. The paper analyzes how new technological developments such as artificial intelligence and digital transformation and internet of things impact Iraqi labor markets during (2018-2023). This study implemented a combination of methods where it evaluated secondary World Bank and Iraqi Ministry of Planning reports alongside conducting field research with 600 workers from multiple industries. Since 2020 the demand for digital skills grew by 40% as industrial sector traditional jobs decreased by 25%. The survey showed that employers faced a major skills mismatch because their needs exceeded the available talent pool throughout Iraq but urban centers displayed wider skills deficits than rural areas. The paper proposes methods to make education adapt better to digital economy needs while recommending educational changes that back the digital economy through legislation.
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- Al-Tameemi, H. M., & Al-Jawadi, M. H. (2022). The Impact of Technological Change on the Iraqi Economy. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 28(1), 12-25. -
- Autor, D. H. (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), p. 12-15.
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 56-60.
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 156-160
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 218.
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2020). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 150-160.
- Dutta, D., & Sharma, S. (2022). Technological Change and Innovation: A Guide for Business and Society. Routledge, p. 12-18..
- Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Basic Books, p. 123-127.
- Khalil, A. A., & Al-Khateeb, B. H. (2022). Challenges of Technological Change in Iraq: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 17(2), 1-12.
- Kumar, N., & Kaur, M. (2022). Technological Change and Its Impact on Society. Journal of Business Ethics, 176(2), 257-271.
- Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2004). The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Princeton University Press, p. 123-127.
- Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bisson, P., Woetzel, J., & Stolyar, K. (2017). A future that works: Automation, employment, and productivity. McKinsey Global Institute, p. 23-26.
- Manyika, J., Woetzel, J., Bisson, P., Chui, M., & Stolyar, K. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity. McKinsey Global Institute, p. 56-60.
- McKinsey Global Institute، "Iraq's Digital Future: Unlocking Growth and Opportunity"، 2022،P 180.
- Porter, M. E., & Heppelmann, J. E. (2020). How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies. Harvard Business Review, 98(10), 97-114
- Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. World Economic Forum, p. 12-15.
- Tapscott, D. (2015). The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. McGraw-Hill Education, p. 12-15.
- UNCTAD، "Digital Economy in Iraq: Opportunities and Challenges"،، 2022، P- 200.
- World Bank (2019). World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work. World Bank Publications, p. 145-148.
- World Economic Forum، "The Future of Iraq's Digital Economy"، 2022، P220.
References
Al-Tameemi, H. M., & Al-Jawadi, M. H. (2022). The Impact of Technological Change on the Iraqi Economy. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 28(1), 12-25. -
Autor, D. H. (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), p. 12-15.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 56-60.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 156-160
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 218.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2020). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company, p. 150-160.
Dutta, D., & Sharma, S. (2022). Technological Change and Innovation: A Guide for Business and Society. Routledge, p. 12-18..
Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Basic Books, p. 123-127.
Khalil, A. A., & Al-Khateeb, B. H. (2022). Challenges of Technological Change in Iraq: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 17(2), 1-12.
Kumar, N., & Kaur, M. (2022). Technological Change and Its Impact on Society. Journal of Business Ethics, 176(2), 257-271.
Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2004). The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Princeton University Press, p. 123-127.
Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bisson, P., Woetzel, J., & Stolyar, K. (2017). A future that works: Automation, employment, and productivity. McKinsey Global Institute, p. 23-26.
Manyika, J., Woetzel, J., Bisson, P., Chui, M., & Stolyar, K. (2017). A Future That Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity. McKinsey Global Institute, p. 56-60.
McKinsey Global Institute، "Iraq's Digital Future: Unlocking Growth and Opportunity"، 2022،P 180.
Porter, M. E., & Heppelmann, J. E. (2020). How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies. Harvard Business Review, 98(10), 97-114
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. World Economic Forum, p. 12-15.
Tapscott, D. (2015). The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. McGraw-Hill Education, p. 12-15.
UNCTAD، "Digital Economy in Iraq: Opportunities and Challenges"،، 2022، P- 200.
World Bank (2019). World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work. World Bank Publications, p. 145-148.
World Economic Forum، "The Future of Iraq's Digital Economy"، 2022، P220.