This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Effect of Financial and Economic Strategies on Monetary Development in Iraq for the Period (1990-2022)
Corresponding Author(s) : Anwer Mezher Hamdaullah Al-Adhimi
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 7 No. 11 (2024): November
Abstract
The research directs to examine the performance of monetary and economic strategies (1990-2022) and their influence on financial development according to the St. Louis model. The results of the analysis determine that the influence of economic strategy on monetary development, in the long run, is greater than the impact of budgetary procedure, but in practice, the impact of each is large and complementary to the other. Accordingly, using the (ARDL) Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model, a direct and significant association was observed for both money supply and government spending on economic growth, confirming the presence of a long-term association.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ali, A.-M. A.-S. (1986). Economics of Money and Banking. Baghdad: Al-Mustansiriya University.
- Alimi, R. (2014). ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration A RE-Examination Of Augmented Fisher Hypothesis in an Open Economy. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling.
- Al-Obaidi, S. M. (2011). Public Finance Economics. Baghdad: Dijlah Publishing House.
- Al-Wadi, M. H., & Azzam, Z. A. (2010). Principles of Public Finance. Amman: Dar Al-Maisarah.
- Annaba, G. (1985). Financial inflation. Alexandria: University Youth Foundation.
- Bahit, G. S. (2020). Measuring the impact of monetary stability indicators on the development of small industrial enterprises in Iraq for the period (2000-2018). Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 19(4), 916–923. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2020.19.4.916
- Budha, B. B. (2012). Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. NRB Working Paper.
- Enzing, B. (1964). Monetry policy – Ends & Means. London: Oxford Women Publishing.
- Haddad, A., & Hadhloul, M. (2005). Money and Banking - An Analytical and Theoretical Introduction. Amman: Wael Publishing House.
- Hassan, A. A., & Shoman, A. H. (2013). Analysis of the long-run equilibrium relationship using unit root tests, the method of integrating autocorrelated models, and ARDL distribution lag models. Journal of Economic Sciences.
- Jarallah, R. O., & Dhnoon, M. A. (2011). Measuring the impact of financial development on economic growth in a sample of developing countries using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the period (1960-2010). Al-Rafidain Development Journal.
- Khalil, S., & Dombrecht, M. (2011). The impact of distributed engineering on the development of Taha Center for Research and Development: The Taha Approach to Innovation. Working Paper.
- Mahmoud, Z. H., & Bashar, A. S. (2012). An economic analysis of the supply response of potato crop to the spring season in Iraq using the error correction and cointegration model.
- Menza, M. (2024). The effect of financial technology on financial inclusion in Ethiopia during the digital economy era. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2309000
- Phillips, P., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root In Time Series Regression. Biometrika.
- Ragan, C. (2004). Why Monetary Policy Matters-A Canadian. Retrieved from: http://www.mcgill.ca.
- Ritter, L., & Saliber, W. (1973). Money. London : Basic books.
- Sinyor, M. (2024). The effect of economic downturn, financial hardship, unemployment, and relevant government responses on suicide. The Lancet Public Health, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00152-X
- Wachtel, P. (1989). Macroeconomics; from theory to practice. McGraw Hill Inc.
- Zhang, G. (2024). The evolution characteristics of digital financial inclusion in Chinese urban agglomerations and its effects on high-quality development. Dili Yanjiu, 43(3), 621–639. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020230426
References
Ali, A.-M. A.-S. (1986). Economics of Money and Banking. Baghdad: Al-Mustansiriya University.
Alimi, R. (2014). ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration A RE-Examination Of Augmented Fisher Hypothesis in an Open Economy. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling.
Al-Obaidi, S. M. (2011). Public Finance Economics. Baghdad: Dijlah Publishing House.
Al-Wadi, M. H., & Azzam, Z. A. (2010). Principles of Public Finance. Amman: Dar Al-Maisarah.
Annaba, G. (1985). Financial inflation. Alexandria: University Youth Foundation.
Bahit, G. S. (2020). Measuring the impact of monetary stability indicators on the development of small industrial enterprises in Iraq for the period (2000-2018). Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 19(4), 916–923. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2020.19.4.916
Budha, B. B. (2012). Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. NRB Working Paper.
Enzing, B. (1964). Monetry policy – Ends & Means. London: Oxford Women Publishing.
Haddad, A., & Hadhloul, M. (2005). Money and Banking - An Analytical and Theoretical Introduction. Amman: Wael Publishing House.
Hassan, A. A., & Shoman, A. H. (2013). Analysis of the long-run equilibrium relationship using unit root tests, the method of integrating autocorrelated models, and ARDL distribution lag models. Journal of Economic Sciences.
Jarallah, R. O., & Dhnoon, M. A. (2011). Measuring the impact of financial development on economic growth in a sample of developing countries using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the period (1960-2010). Al-Rafidain Development Journal.
Khalil, S., & Dombrecht, M. (2011). The impact of distributed engineering on the development of Taha Center for Research and Development: The Taha Approach to Innovation. Working Paper.
Mahmoud, Z. H., & Bashar, A. S. (2012). An economic analysis of the supply response of potato crop to the spring season in Iraq using the error correction and cointegration model.
Menza, M. (2024). The effect of financial technology on financial inclusion in Ethiopia during the digital economy era. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2309000
Phillips, P., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root In Time Series Regression. Biometrika.
Ragan, C. (2004). Why Monetary Policy Matters-A Canadian. Retrieved from: http://www.mcgill.ca.
Ritter, L., & Saliber, W. (1973). Money. London : Basic books.
Sinyor, M. (2024). The effect of economic downturn, financial hardship, unemployment, and relevant government responses on suicide. The Lancet Public Health, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00152-X
Wachtel, P. (1989). Macroeconomics; from theory to practice. McGraw Hill Inc.
Zhang, G. (2024). The evolution characteristics of digital financial inclusion in Chinese urban agglomerations and its effects on high-quality development. Dili Yanjiu, 43(3), 621–639. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020230426