This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Effect of Pricing Strategies on Competitive Advantage
Corresponding Author(s) : Inam Abass Hamidi
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 5 No. 11 (2022): American Journal of Economics and Business Management
Abstract
The issue of price and pricing is one of the topics of great importance, as choosing the appropriate strategy for determining prices for products is linked to the decision-making process and achieving profits for the organization and thus determines the fate of the organization by the size of the market share first and secondly by achieving its competitive advantage. There are many studies that have identified types of strategies, each of which is used according to Market conditions and its features. Therefore, the process of determining the price of any product, whether it is a physical or service product, is carried out in light of those pricing strategies (the skimming strategy, the penetration strategy, the pricing strategy, the low cost strategy., the final price strategy .. etc.) and supply and demand, Each type of strategy has advantages that are used in the market, which consequently affects the competitive advantage between organizations or companies.
Accordingly, the research methodology was determined by defining the research problem, which is how to choose the appropriate strategy to determine prices for products (material / service) under the circumstances of Iraq, which is characterized by an open economy with significant changes in the economic, political and social business environment, in addition to the presence of many competing companies that import Products by several countries for the same product at a very low price. As for the objectives of the study, it is necessary to determine the importance of perceiving and understanding senior management about the impact of decisions on choosing the appropriate pricing strategy on organized profits and market share and on achieving competitive advantage in the market.
The importance of the study lies in the correlation of decisions and the choice of pricing strategy on the profits of the organization and on determining the competitive advantage in the market. As for the hypothesis of the study, there is a significant correlation between pricing strategies and the achievement of the competitive advantage of the organization.
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- Muntazer Al-Moussawi, article published 8/8/2019 (https://almerja.com/azaat/indexv.php?id=6660)
- Aqili, Omar Wasfi and Abdali, Qahtan Badr and Al Ghadeer, Muhammad Rashid / Principles of Marketing / Introduction to Integration / Amman / Zahraa Publishing and Distribution House / 1996.
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, on March 23, 2022, at 11:31 https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1
- Alyan, Ribhi Mustafa / Foundations of Contemporary Marketing / Amman / Safaa House / 2009.
- Hardy, Rachel, Charles Oppenheim, and Iris Rubber. Pricing strategies and models for the provision of digitized texts in higher education, Journal of Information Science April 2002 vol. 28 no. 2.
- (Modified) Al-Dhahabi, d. Jalila Aidan, and Al-Ghabban, Thaer Sabri, Targeting the price as a basis for achieving the target cost technique for economic units operating in the modern business environment, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol.
- Koter, Philip, (1997), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 9th. ed., New Jersey: Pretice Holl International, I.
- Al-Bakri, Thamer Yasser, 0446, Marketing Foundations and Contemporary Concepts, Al-Yazuri Scientific Publishing and Distribution House, Jordan.
- Mualla, Naji, Tawfiq Raef, 0445, Osoul Marketing, 2nd floor, Publishing House, Amman.
- Naseer Muhammad Taher, Ismail Hussain Muhammad, Marketing in Islam, Dar Al-Yazuri, 2009, Al-Alamia for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
- Claret, Jake; Phadke P. D., (1995), Pricing: A Challenge to Management Accounting, Management Accounting, 73 (9): 20-2.
- Al-Bakri, Thamer Yasser, 2008, Marketing Strategies, Al-Yazourdi Scientific Press for Publishing and Advertising, Amman. 5. Jawad, Abbas Hussein
- Abu Fara, Youssef, 2001, Marketing Audit, Literary Printing and Publishing, College of Administration and Economics, Hebron University.
- Koter, Philip, (1997), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 9th. ed., New Jersey: Pretice Holl International, Inc.
- Kotler p .and Am strong G. (2006) "principles of marketing" 13th edition, prentice – Hall, Inc.
- (Al-Ahmad, Mays, May 31, 2022 https://mawdoo3.com/)
- Jesal Shethna, "Pricing Strategies Definition", educba, Retrieved 12/31/2021. Edited
- Kotler, Philip and Kevin Lane Keller. Marketing management 12th ed, Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2006.
- Al-Bakri, Thamer. Marketing strategies. Amman: Juhayna House, first edition, 2007
- Khattab, Atef Muhammad. Product Pricing Strategies (Applied Study in Industrial Establishments in Riyadh), Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Administrative Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Yemen, 2007.
- Khalil, Nabil Morsi, Competitive Advantage in Business, University Publishing House - Alexandria - 1996.
- Gore chris Murrage Kate, Richardson Bill, Strategic Decision Making, Cassel Villers House York, 1992.
- Philip kotler, Bernard Dubois et Delphine Manceau, le marketing management 1 lem edition: pearson education, Paris, France, 2004.
- Aref, Nadia, Strategic Management - Third Millennium Management, University House, Alexandria, 2000.
- Porter, M. L'avantage concurrentiel, DVNOD, 199
- Sarsar, A. Fatima, The strategy of cost leadership as a pricing policy to sweep the market: the relationship between cost leadership, economies of scale and learning Laboratory of Management and Evaluation of Enterprise Performance, 2016, College of Economics, Business and Management Sciences- Saida https://motaber.com/cost- leadership/
- Al-Rikabi, Kazem Nizar, Strategy Management: Globalization and Competition, 1st Edition, Wael Publishing and Distribution House, 2004
- Semlali Yadhih, The Impact of Strategic Management of Human Resources and Capacity Development on the Competitive Advantage of the Economic Institution (Introduction to Quality and Knowledge), PhD thesis, Specialization in Management, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, University of Algiers 2003/2004.
- TWIN, AL EXANDRA, 22 MAY,2022:1https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive_advantage.asp
- Pitts, R. and Lei, D.: Strategic Management: Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, West Publishing, 1996
- Abdel-Rouf, Hajjaj / The competitive advantage of the economic institution: its sources and its role in technological innovation in its development / University 20 led 55 in Skikda / Faculty of Management and Economic Sciences 2006-2007)
- Porter ME, Competitive Advantage – Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York, The Free Press, 1985.
- CFI Team,23,2022 https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/competitive-advantage/Taher Mohsen Mansour Al-Ghalbi, Wael Muhammad Sobhi Idris, Strategic Management - An Integrated Methodological Perspective - 1, 1st Edition, Wael Publishing House - Amman -, Jordan, 2007.
- Al-Darwish, Mustafa, Best Practices and their Role in Enhancing Competitive Advantage, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Business Administration, Aleppo University, Ph.D. thesis, 2013)
- Previous source
- Othman, Marwa El-Sayed Mahran, Analysis of the Relationship between the Balanced Scorecard and Sustainable Competitive Advantage / Port Said University, Egypt, Faculty of Commerce / Department of Business Administration, without a year.
- Nicole P. Hoffman, “An Examination of the Sustainable Competitive Advantage” Concept: Past, Present, and Future, Academy of Marketing Science Review, http://www.amsreview.org/articles/hoffman04-2000.pdf.
- Huang, K. F., Dyerson, R., Wu, L. Y., & Harindranath, G. (2015). "From temporary competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage", British Journal of Management, Vol. (26),No. (4), Pp.617-636.
- Porter M. E, "New Global Strategies for Competitive Advantage", Planning Review, ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry, May/Jun 1990.
- (Gomes, J & Romão, M. J. (2018). "Sustainable Competitive Advantage With the Balanced Scorecard Approach", In: M. Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Pp. 5714-5725
References
Muntazer Al-Moussawi, article published 8/8/2019 (https://almerja.com/azaat/indexv.php?id=6660)
Aqili, Omar Wasfi and Abdali, Qahtan Badr and Al Ghadeer, Muhammad Rashid / Principles of Marketing / Introduction to Integration / Amman / Zahraa Publishing and Distribution House / 1996.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, on March 23, 2022, at 11:31 https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1
Alyan, Ribhi Mustafa / Foundations of Contemporary Marketing / Amman / Safaa House / 2009.
Hardy, Rachel, Charles Oppenheim, and Iris Rubber. Pricing strategies and models for the provision of digitized texts in higher education, Journal of Information Science April 2002 vol. 28 no. 2.
(Modified) Al-Dhahabi, d. Jalila Aidan, and Al-Ghabban, Thaer Sabri, Targeting the price as a basis for achieving the target cost technique for economic units operating in the modern business environment, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol.
Koter, Philip, (1997), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 9th. ed., New Jersey: Pretice Holl International, I.
Al-Bakri, Thamer Yasser, 0446, Marketing Foundations and Contemporary Concepts, Al-Yazuri Scientific Publishing and Distribution House, Jordan.
Mualla, Naji, Tawfiq Raef, 0445, Osoul Marketing, 2nd floor, Publishing House, Amman.
Naseer Muhammad Taher, Ismail Hussain Muhammad, Marketing in Islam, Dar Al-Yazuri, 2009, Al-Alamia for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Claret, Jake; Phadke P. D., (1995), Pricing: A Challenge to Management Accounting, Management Accounting, 73 (9): 20-2.
Al-Bakri, Thamer Yasser, 2008, Marketing Strategies, Al-Yazourdi Scientific Press for Publishing and Advertising, Amman. 5. Jawad, Abbas Hussein
Abu Fara, Youssef, 2001, Marketing Audit, Literary Printing and Publishing, College of Administration and Economics, Hebron University.
Koter, Philip, (1997), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 9th. ed., New Jersey: Pretice Holl International, Inc.
Kotler p .and Am strong G. (2006) "principles of marketing" 13th edition, prentice – Hall, Inc.
(Al-Ahmad, Mays, May 31, 2022 https://mawdoo3.com/)
Jesal Shethna, "Pricing Strategies Definition", educba, Retrieved 12/31/2021. Edited
Kotler, Philip and Kevin Lane Keller. Marketing management 12th ed, Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2006.
Al-Bakri, Thamer. Marketing strategies. Amman: Juhayna House, first edition, 2007
Khattab, Atef Muhammad. Product Pricing Strategies (Applied Study in Industrial Establishments in Riyadh), Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Administrative Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Yemen, 2007.
Khalil, Nabil Morsi, Competitive Advantage in Business, University Publishing House - Alexandria - 1996.
Gore chris Murrage Kate, Richardson Bill, Strategic Decision Making, Cassel Villers House York, 1992.
Philip kotler, Bernard Dubois et Delphine Manceau, le marketing management 1 lem edition: pearson education, Paris, France, 2004.
Aref, Nadia, Strategic Management - Third Millennium Management, University House, Alexandria, 2000.
Porter, M. L'avantage concurrentiel, DVNOD, 199
Sarsar, A. Fatima, The strategy of cost leadership as a pricing policy to sweep the market: the relationship between cost leadership, economies of scale and learning Laboratory of Management and Evaluation of Enterprise Performance, 2016, College of Economics, Business and Management Sciences- Saida https://motaber.com/cost- leadership/
Al-Rikabi, Kazem Nizar, Strategy Management: Globalization and Competition, 1st Edition, Wael Publishing and Distribution House, 2004
Semlali Yadhih, The Impact of Strategic Management of Human Resources and Capacity Development on the Competitive Advantage of the Economic Institution (Introduction to Quality and Knowledge), PhD thesis, Specialization in Management, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, University of Algiers 2003/2004.
TWIN, AL EXANDRA, 22 MAY,2022:1https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive_advantage.asp
Pitts, R. and Lei, D.: Strategic Management: Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, West Publishing, 1996
Abdel-Rouf, Hajjaj / The competitive advantage of the economic institution: its sources and its role in technological innovation in its development / University 20 led 55 in Skikda / Faculty of Management and Economic Sciences 2006-2007)
Porter ME, Competitive Advantage – Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York, The Free Press, 1985.
CFI Team,23,2022 https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/competitive-advantage/Taher Mohsen Mansour Al-Ghalbi, Wael Muhammad Sobhi Idris, Strategic Management - An Integrated Methodological Perspective - 1, 1st Edition, Wael Publishing House - Amman -, Jordan, 2007.
Al-Darwish, Mustafa, Best Practices and their Role in Enhancing Competitive Advantage, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Business Administration, Aleppo University, Ph.D. thesis, 2013)
Previous source
Othman, Marwa El-Sayed Mahran, Analysis of the Relationship between the Balanced Scorecard and Sustainable Competitive Advantage / Port Said University, Egypt, Faculty of Commerce / Department of Business Administration, without a year.
Nicole P. Hoffman, “An Examination of the Sustainable Competitive Advantage” Concept: Past, Present, and Future, Academy of Marketing Science Review, http://www.amsreview.org/articles/hoffman04-2000.pdf.
Huang, K. F., Dyerson, R., Wu, L. Y., & Harindranath, G. (2015). "From temporary competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage", British Journal of Management, Vol. (26),No. (4), Pp.617-636.
Porter M. E, "New Global Strategies for Competitive Advantage", Planning Review, ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry, May/Jun 1990.
(Gomes, J & Romão, M. J. (2018). "Sustainable Competitive Advantage With the Balanced Scorecard Approach", In: M. Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Pp. 5714-5725